In a large Canadian study, child maltreatment associated with increased risk for intimate partner violence, with larger effects for women than men however, like most studies of victimisation after child maltreatment, this survey had a cross-sectional design, and focused on only one type of violent outcome. Later victimisation after maltreatment might occur in either the domestic or community context. Child maltreatment itself also might contribute to risk of future victimisation because of its impact on risk behaviours (such as alcohol or drug use, and aggressive behaviour) or because it predicts partnering, or interacting with more antisocial individuals. Ĭhildhood maltreatment might predict risk for further violent victimisation, and thus continuity of stress across the life-course” of stress across the life-course, partly because of continuity in adverse environments conducive to victimisation. However, evidence on the link between childhood maltreatment and later violence, a particularly severe form of stress, is limited and new studies are needed, particularly in low-and middle-income countries where child support services are under resourced and rates of violence are high. For example, in a nationwide study of adults in the USA, the impact of stressful events in the prior 12 months on mental disorders was about twice as large among individuals who had previously experienced multiple adversities in childhood compared to none. Recent research suggests that experience of early adversity can interact with later stressful experiences to produce even more toxic effects on health. Both biological and psychological mechanisms have been implicated in the adverse effects of neglect and abuse, particularly in relation to the stress response system, and the person’s sense of afety and trust in interpersonal relationships. The long-lasting health consequences of child maltreatment (any experience of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, or neglect), as well as adverse socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood, have been well-documented. The effects of repeated trauma through the life-course needs research and clinical attention. ConclusionĬhildhood maltreatment is an important risk factor for later violent victimisation in both the family and community context. Maltreatment was strongly associated with community violence (Females: OR = 2.96, CI = 1.83–4.80 Males: OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.01-4.00) and its co-occurrence with family violence (Females: OR = 2.33, 95%CI = 1.34–4.04 Males: OR = 3.20, 95%CI = 1.82–5.65) in young adulthood, after adjustment for background sociodemographic factors. At 22 years, rates of past year violence in the family or community were 17.6% for females and 20.2% for males. Resultsģ9% of females and 27% of males reported any maltreatment up to age 15 years. Multinomial logistic regression analyses estimated the association between having experienced any maltreatment and later experiences of family and community violence in young adulthood (no adult violence, violence only in the family context, only in the community, or both violence in the family and community), adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Maltreatment and violent victimisation were self-reported in confidential questionnaires at 15 and 22, respectively. Sociodemographic factors were reported by mothers at birth and adolescents at age 15 years. Methodsģ246 participants in a prospective, population-based birth cohort study in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were assessed at birth, 15 and 22 years. The objective of this study was to quantify the risk for violent victimization in the family and community in young adulthood following experiences of childhood maltreatment (experiences of physical, emotional and sexual abuse and neglect) up to age 15 years in an urban Brazilian population. Longitudinal studies of risk for violent victimisation after maltreatment are lacking in low- and middle-income countries. Maltreatment in childhood may leave people vulnerable to further experiences of violence and more severe effects of stress later in life.
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